Qualities that a ‘good’ teacher should have Essay

Task 1 – List 5 qualities that a ‘good’ teacher should have and give reasons for your choices. Which of these qualities do you consider to be more important, and why? 1. a good teacher should really love teaching because in my opinion you cannot be a good teacher if you do not like what you do. 2. a good teacher should be lively and entertaining because children do not like boring teachers, they need somebody who changes learning into pleasure. as my experience schooled children love games and it is one of the best way of encouraging them to take part in the lesson. 3. a good teacher is able to motivate learners as motivation is one of the most important aspects while learning. children who are well motivated are eager to learn thus they learn more. 4. a good teacher should have good rapport and interaction with the class because it is crucial to have a nice atmosphere in the classroom. I believe that children cannot be scared of the teacher, they must like him/her and then they are open and more involved in the lessons. 5. a good teacher should be able to correct student without offending them or affecting their motivation as if he/she does it then the children do not want to take part in the lessons because they are scared of making mistakes. i always tell my students that they shouldn’t be scared of making mistakes as nobody is perfect and I’m there to correct them. and explain that they are learners so they can’t know all of the answers correctly. As far as I am concerned, I really believe that all of the qualities I chose are equal. you really need to have all of them to be a good teacher. it is really difficult for me to decide which one is more important and which one is less important. Task 2 – State what you consider to be the five most important roles of a teacher. Describe each role and say why you think it is important. 1. organizer – teacher organizes to do various activities. it is important as children need instruction, need to be organized into groups or pairs. teacher must initiate and finish activities and give feedback. 2. participant – teacher participates in the lesson as an equal. it is good  method as children can see that the teacher wants to be a part of the class so it is a good way of gaining trust. 3. observer – teacher monitors what is going on in the classroom. it is important as teacher must know the improvement of the students and what needs to be revise. 4. model – teacher (native speaker) is the source of real, live English. it is important because sometimes it is the only way for the students to encounter foreign language with foreign accent. native speaker is also a good source of cultural information. 5. assessor – teacher gives feedback, correction, evaluates and grades. children want to know whether they make mistakes or not, as they want to improve their skills and try not to make the same mistake again. Task 3 – List 5 qualities you would expect to find in a ‘good’ learner. Which of these qualities do you consider to be more important, and why? 1. a desire to learn – it is crucial to want to learn a language as if the students find learning language useless they simply don’t want to take part in any activities and they don’t want to study. 2. a willingness to ask questions – students must ask questions as it is the way of finding more information and also practise their speaking skills. 3. a willingness to listen to the language – listening to the language can improve not only listening but also speaking skills. it also helps to gain foreign accent. 4. an ability to think about their own learning process and methods – every students is different and prefers different methods of learning. it is important for students to realize which method is the most helpful and useful for them while learning language. 5. an acceptance of error correction – students must realize that when teacher corrects them he/she does it not to embarrass them but to improve their learning. students should try not to make the same mistakes over and over again. Task 4 – What are some of the major differences you would expect to find between adult and young learners? Young learners are sometimes less motivated than adults. what is more, young learners are more receptive to the new sounds and grammar. it is widely known that young learners can acquire foreign language faster than adults.  adults has longer history of learning experience than young learners, and they believe they can succeed with the language. Task 5 – List the levels of language ability that learners are often grouped into and give a brief summation of each level: beginner – from zero knowledge of English to a very basic one which cannot be quickly or easily activated. elementary – students are able to form basic sentence structures and communicate on simple topics. low/pre-intermediate – able to communicate and understand a great variety of topics but lacking general fluency and depth of language awareness. still likely to make many errors even with basic structures. intermediate – able to understand and communicate on a wide range of issues using limited vocabulary store but still lacking in accuracy and fluency. upper intermediate – should be able to actively communicate on almost all topics using a great range of language but still lacking in accuracy. advanced – students should have a very good knowledge of the English language and now will be studying more suitable language items. Task 6 – Give as many reasons as possible why students are motivated to study English. The reasons that you give do not have to be in the unit reading material. students are motivated to study English because they realize that English is an international language and you can communicate with almost everyobody all over the world using this language. they know English can improve their future career prospects. they realize it can make their travel abroad much easier. they also want to study English to improve their grades and achieve success in exams. they study because they want to communicate with prints, parents, colleagues. very often they just want to learn language because they are interested in English and English culture.

Location: Bhogpur village, Dehra Dun district, India

Location: Bhogpur village, Dehra Dun district, India Introduction: The CAS project spanned two days in Bhogpur village. As a group of 32 students, we decided to combine creativity, action and service into one positive approach to work in the village in the short time we were there. Day 1 Total number of hours: 4 hours Total distance trekked: 4 km After lunch, our group decided that it was important for us to find out the problems of people in the area and to attempt to address them in whatever ways possible. To do this, it had been suggested that the group divided itself into pairs of two and went door to door in the village, interacting with the villagers. Although I believed that the idea was, on the whole, a positive one I was still apprehensive about the approach. Nevertheless, forcing myself to throw out any negativity, I decided to participate wholeheartedly in the interaction with the people of the village. Initially, my friend Shivaan and I had a hesitant start. I was extremely self-conscious and felt downright idiotic expecting unknown villagers to pour out their problems to strangers. But as we kept trekking through the village, I realized that the distance was merely in the head. The villagers ranged from old women to middle aged families and young adults. Some were very hesitant in talking to us but soon started interacting openly. Others were extremely vocal throughout. Shivaan and I noticed an underlying set of problems that pervaded the entire village. These included a water problem, an economic divide, gender issues, etc. I mulled over all these problems in vain. What was the solution that I could provide in a day, in a flourish to people who were far removed from who I was or where I lived? In the evening, my perception underwent a change. We decided to put up a program that would encompass two plays, a dance routine and a panel discussion. I was part of both the plays and enjoyed outlining the storylines and acting and directing at the same time. As we practiced, I thought about the initial negative attitude that I had had regarding the solutions we could provide to the villagers about the issues that they faced. Day 2 Total number of hours: 4 hours Total distance trekked: 2 km This was the day of the performance. Before an early breakfast, we moved to rehearse and have a run through of the entire performance one final time. Although there were occasional glitches, I managed to keep calm and be confident. We then trekked to the village area. After literally tugging villagers out of their homes to create an audience for our performance, we started. All four items were great successes. The smiles on the faces of the children and the curt nods between the adults said it all. Although it would have been far too optimistic to believe that we could make a huge difference in merely a day, I am sure that we did make a difference. We did ensure that the villagers realized what their problems were and also offered rudimentary, individualized solutions. With a smile on my own face, I realized that the entire effort resulted in success – we had, in some way or the other, managed to positively affect the villagers’ lives.

Discursive Essay

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be the most effective. †¢ comics †¢ books †¢ radio †¢ television †¢ film †¢ theatre The role of media is no longer able to be separated from information. As it is a very important element in the information delivery, there are various kinds of media existed nowadays. Among those media, television, radio, and film are mostly favorite choices of people around the world. Radio is a media which has been used for decades but still keep its uniqueness as its greatest power.People love hearing news from radio because they could get it for free. Plus, they can do it everywhere they are. They can do it at home, in the office or on the way to certain place. However, radio has some weaknesses. One of them is give people a limitation in seeing the visual. In many cases, the importance of need to see the visual of the information give n is very high. Film is also considered as a favorite media for people because it is able to give a lot of information in a very interactive ways.We can even learn history which is considered boring for some people by watching movie. Nevertheless, the number of film that people can watch is very limited because it takes a quite long time to enjoy one full movie. The last media that influence alot in human’s life is television. There will always a television existed in a house. Not only one, sometimes there are more than two or three televisions in a house. It makes the use of this media can’t be monitored by adults regularly. This condition can be harmful for children as they can access it freely.Moreover, unlike any other media, there is nothing can be done to prevent them to get access to some inappropriate shows for children under age. Besides, there is a high tendency for someone to get addicted to it. It could happen to children, or even adults. When it happens to someone, it will definitely give him or her some disadvantages. They will not be able to give full focus on things that they currently do as they are bothered with this problem. Further, television is a media with a very high number of advertisements.There are thousands of advertisements showed up in television every day. These advertisements take a big role in changing someone’s shopping habit. It has a great power to influence the audience to be very consumptive in life. The audience might get high impulse to buy things that they even really need. On the other hand, television is proved as a great companion in every house. Television could be a great media to take away stress that the owner might get after working all day long. The show can be accessed for free, so someone does not have to spend some amount of money to have it.Besides, the owner does not have to get out of his or her house to enjoy the show. They just need to turn their television on and sit calmly. Moreov er, television provides thousands of information from its shows. It provides news that is updated regularly. As a plus, the audience could also get the visualization of the updated events happened. It seems that television has erased distance gap among countries all over the world so we could get current news from other countries in a very short time.Plus, television gives a lot of job opportunities for many people. They can work as newscaster, reporter, script writer, producers, and other jobs by the existence of television. It can be categorized as a big business as well, so it needs a lot of personnel to support. It means that more people could get work from it. In conclusion, I think television has brought more influence on human’s life because it provides more benefits for our life compared to other media such as radio Discursive Essay Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be the most effective. †¢ comics †¢ books †¢ radio †¢ television †¢ film †¢ theatre The role of media is no longer able to be separated from information. As it is a very important element in the information delivery, there are various kinds of media existed nowadays. Among those media, television, radio, and film are mostly favorite choices of people around the world. Radio is a media which has been used for decades but still keep its uniqueness as its greatest power.People love hearing news from radio because they could get it for free. Plus, they can do it everywhere they are. They can do it at home, in the office or on the way to certain place. However, radio has some weaknesses. One of them is give people a limitation in seeing the visual. In many cases, the importance of need to see the visual of the information give n is very high. Film is also considered as a favorite media for people because it is able to give a lot of information in a very interactive ways.We can even learn history which is considered boring for some people by watching movie. Nevertheless, the number of film that people can watch is very limited because it takes a quite long time to enjoy one full movie. The last media that influence alot in human’s life is television. There will always a television existed in a house. Not only one, sometimes there are more than two or three televisions in a house. It makes the use of this media can’t be monitored by adults regularly. This condition can be harmful for children as they can access it freely.Moreover, unlike any other media, there is nothing can be done to prevent them to get access to some inappropriate shows for children under age. Besides, there is a high tendency for someone to get addicted to it. It could happen to children, or even adults. When it happens to someone, it will definitely give him or her some disadvantages. They will not be able to give full focus on things that they currently do as they are bothered with this problem. Further, television is a media with a very high number of advertisements.There are thousands of advertisements showed up in television every day. These advertisements take a big role in changing someone’s shopping habit. It has a great power to influence the audience to be very consumptive in life. The audience might get high impulse to buy things that they even really need. On the other hand, television is proved as a great companion in every house. Television could be a great media to take away stress that the owner might get after working all day long. The show can be accessed for free, so someone does not have to spend some amount of money to have it.Besides, the owner does not have to get out of his or her house to enjoy the show. They just need to turn their television on and sit calmly. Moreov er, television provides thousands of information from its shows. It provides news that is updated regularly. As a plus, the audience could also get the visualization of the updated events happened. It seems that television has erased distance gap among countries all over the world so we could get current news from other countries in a very short time.Plus, television gives a lot of job opportunities for many people. They can work as newscaster, reporter, script writer, producers, and other jobs by the existence of television. It can be categorized as a big business as well, so it needs a lot of personnel to support. It means that more people could get work from it. In conclusion, I think television has brought more influence on human’s life because it provides more benefits for our life compared to other media such as radio

Tell a story of significance to your family. Tell it in scene Essay

Tell a story of significance to your family. Tell it in scene - Essay Example My grandfather chose to go with Batista, Cuba’s former president; he collaborated with the US and became an American spy. This way, he gained an asylum in America together with his family when things turned sour back in Cuba. I can still remember that day; it was a chilly Thursday in 1961. Grandpa woke everyone up unusually early, urging us to get ready as we were relocating to a safer place. When all of us were ready, I heard a rumbling sound outside our house. ‘Grandpa, what is that? Why are we dressed up?’ I had a thousand more questions to ask him. He leaned on his knee, took my arms in his and said’ my dear, do not worry. That is an American helicopter that will take us to our new home.’ The thought of flying in a helicopter calmed down my fears and uncertainties. From the helicopter, I could see the beautiful world below. My younger brother missed all this, as he was fast asleep in my grandpa’s laps. Within a short time, we landed in Miami international airport. I marveled at its size and beauty. A van already packed there was waiting to take us to our home. Everyone was excited and tired at the same time. We settled in Little Havana, which is renowned for its large population of immigrants initially Jewish, but currently hosts many Cubans. Little Havana occupies the western side of the great Miami. I loved it

Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Report - Assignment Example This in turn would aid in taking decisions in an organization effectively. Discussion Combination of Both, the Text Chapter and Journal In today’s competitive business world, it is vital for every association to analyse the external along with internal settings before making any final decision. With reference to the book i.e. ‘Organisational Behaviour, An Introductory Text’ by Huczynski and Buchanan it can be viewed that the writers have underlined the significance of studying an environment in an business as it aids in making decisions that do help in mitigating a risk arising situation. This in turn facilitates to make effective strategies and policies to deal with any future risks. Moreover, the writers have also helped in understanding that conducting study to implement certain policies within a business may fail at times as it would not provide a detailed analysis of the outer world which comprises the changing trends, demands and all those factors that may a id a business to achieve its desired goals. The aspect of impression management has also been delineated as a crucial element as establishing a brand image has become vital for every organisation to maintain a substantial customer retention rate (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2001). With reference to the journal i.e. ‘The Interorganizational Virtual Organisation’ by Kasper-Fuehrer and Ashkanasy, it can be viewed that the author here explains the importance of establishing virtual organisation (VO) in today’s commercial world. Additionally, the journal mainly highlights the importance of establishing interrogational forms that focus on establishing a cooperative purview to attain individual organisational goals. However, the journal article has also stated the importance of intra-organisational form. The main reason behind selecting this journal is that it has not only facilitated in understanding the different forms of virtual organisation but has offered evidences regar ding the way in which the establishment of VO can aid an organisation in every sphere (Kasper-Fuehrer & Ashkanasy, 2003). Self-Reflection With emergence of globalisation and the rapid technological proliferation, today’s businesses are growing at a rapid speed. It has therefore become vital for every business corporation to understand the external environment as it helps in making effective decisions along with enabling to identify techniques and potential impacts of the external trends. This external force mainly includes change in demand, change in technology, increasing competitiveness of the competitors, environmental policy and laws among others that have a direct influence on the internal operational characteristics of an association (Marcin & Wojciech, 2013). In this context, I would like to state that I have been a part of an organisation that mainly emphasised following contingency theory as an integral part of the operational activities. On close analysis, I have co me know that the main reason behind following the theory within the organisation has been owing to its acceptance factor that facilitates a business to analyse the environment along with making its sure that the proposed plan meets all the current requirements of the environment.

Knowledge management, social networks and innovation Coursework - 2

Knowledge management, social networks and innovation - Coursework Example Knowledge Management (KM), in this regards, is considered the sole requisite to enhance innovation that would act as an added advantage for organisations to maintain their dominance in the global environment. Hence, organisations in the present era are maintaining its competitive edge based on the efficient handling of strategies, such as OL as well as KM (Prange, 1999). Hence, with the developments in the concepts of practice and technology orientation, the organisations are illustrating, the general concepts sustained within the diversified business world (Argyris, 1999). In this context, the paper convolutes on creation of knowledge as well as transfer within organisation. The organisational dynamics will be duly elaborated based on the needs of social dynamics and engendered innovations. Furthermore, the paper inclined towards addressing the complex problems that are prominent within the business domain to enhance the ability of the organisation to assess knowledge. Correspondingly, by addressing the development within the domain of technology, the paper develops a better understanding of the diverse applications of changing business needs. With changing environment and dynamic needs of business, OL has become a major area of interest among business personnel that might help them to develop the quality of operation. Continuous development within the research and development field, as well as in the technical field has in turn acted as a stimulus for integrating OL into the system of business operation (Argote & Miron-Spektor, 2005). With the need to maintain a continuous process of growth and sustainability within the global edge, the organisations are fostering continuous learning process too (Schulz, 2011; Torlak, n.d.). It must be noted in this context that learning is often attributed as a prerequisite for developing the ability of employees in general by enhancing their capacity to perform within the global domain. OL herewith refers to a

Psychology of Performance research about my next project Term Paper

Psychology of Performance research about my next project - Term Paper Example After long wanderings Charles returns to the coop just to learn painful truth- dead chickens were infected with bird flu and were killed by the elder and the cow to prevent contamination. Emma knew everything and also wanted to save the lives in the coop. Charles becomes involved into a process of birds â€Å"saving† by killing those which caught the flu but fails to kill his friend Marcy. Finally all chickens and hens die because of the virus and Charles finds out that he has become a main killer himself. The genre can be characterized as adult animation because the scenario is written mostly for the audience older than at least 16-18 year olds. The animation is surreal and mock with main heroes acting like people in the similar to criminal world situations. Obviously, the film incorporates a big quantity of violence and has a plot that is a bit difficult to follow for younger audience. Some details are intentionally shown with attention to injuries and aggression. The film, however, has adult sarcasm which can be understood by the auditory with good sense of humor. The animation also explores some adult social and philosophical issues with major hero dealing with the difficult choice. The audience might mostly consist of men probably because the animation does not have many female characters and any typical attractions for women such as romantic story. The only â€Å"woman† in a film also does not have a good reputation which shows that the world described is a â€Å"men`s world†. However, Emma, the only hen, is shown as brave, loyal, and decisive who can be appreciated by more women nowadays. As the animation is full of scenes of aggression and risky behaviors the film must evoke anxiety in audience first of all. However, taking into account that it is still looks a bit ironical to observe hens and chickens acting like criminals, this emotion can be mixed with amusement and irony. In some cases the

Do the question 1 write a report how to get the number and analysis Coursework

Do the question 1 write a report how to get the number and analysis it, - Coursework Example d contractual right to obtain residual payments of 12.5% of the profits on the sale for such items as phonographic recordings that were sold to the public. Ms. Lee did not receive the whole $ 9 million nevertheless she settled the case with Disney and received a milestone settlement of almost $ 2.3 million that represented a portion of her part of the returns made from the sale of the videocassette on the film Lady and the Tramp. Ms. Peggy Lee received nearly $ 3,500 for working on a film that may have earned millions of dollars. Therefore, the calculation of damages, according to Ms. Peggy Lee and her attorneys for the breach of contract that resulted in Disneys offer of a comparatively trivial amount of $ 381,000 involved the point that her interpretation of the contract with Disney was that she was eligible to 12.5% of the profits made from the sales of the movie on DVD and videocassettes. Ms. Peggy Lee had to convince the jury that the DVDs and video cassettes were not covered in her original contract with Disney for her to be entitled to far more money than the $ 381,000 that was calculated by Disney. The glitch for Ms. Peggy Lee and Disney was due to the fact that videocassette technology was not something that either party anticipated back in 1952 and the main concern in the case is whether the utilization of Ms. Peggy Lees songs and her voice on the videocassettes was not ratified in the language contained in the initial

Sustainability Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sustainability Assessment - Research Paper Example Marriott’s operations have to meet the standards and specifications set for the hotel and tourism sector in environmental conservation. The organization accomplishes this by taking several initiatives that include; educating guests and associates on ways to conserve the environment and managing water and energy consumption through limiting the energy and water consumed per room in the hotels and efficient waste management, such as water treatment. Additionally, Marriott has developed innovative initiatives for water conservation and protection of rain forests. Another initiative includes encouraging the supply of organic natural foods from local farmers, and training farmers on increasing on their harvests as well as conserving the environment (Sheldon & Yoxon, 2002). Over the recent years, Marriott has expanded to more regions such as Asia. The expansion of Marriott is welcome in most regions because it plays large roles in creating employment, increasing the countries’ income, enhancing tourism and encouraging international travel and

Yarra Plenty Regional Library Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Yarra Plenty Regional Library - Assignment Example Libraries have been in the forefront in embracing the technological changes in the information society. Libraries have been the driving force in research in various fields of study. Therefore, libraries have been the biggest player on matters of education. With the recent challenges of global financial crisis, libraries are facing the challenges financial undercutting. Considering the stakes at hand, there is a strong feeling that this may have a negative impact on the economy and the community since libraries will not be in a position to fulfill their mandate. One of the strengths of libraries is that there is increased demand for knowledge than ever before and libraries are in a position to handle information both analog and digital. There is a continuous growth in world population, which is an opportunity for libraries coupled with the fact that there is more demand for information. The biggest threat to libraries is the advancement in technology. Availability of e-books on the in ternet has reduced library visits since most books can now be accessed through the websites. To solve this problem of budget cuts, the public and the government must be made to understand the importance of libraries in today’s world and the steps libraries are taking to remain relevant in this dynamic world. When you compare the libraries today and the libraries in the past half a decade, you will not fail to notice a number of new developments. These developments cut across technological changes and cultural changes. Since libraries are used by the public, adequate financing of the libraries is seen as a good move by the public. Adapting to new technological changes calls for financial sacrifices, which must be undertaken by the library management. They need to hire competent personnel to help adapt to the changes in the technological world. There is a need for procurement of new machines and new books and house them in a state of art building.

Credit Card Companies targeting College Students on Campuses Essay

Credit Card Companies targeting College Students on Campuses - Essay Example Moreover, almost a third of the 76% of current college students have been offered free gifts in order to sign up for the credit cards. Consequently, this has led to nearly a dozen of states restricting credit card marketing to students within campuses. Despite such moves, credit companies have persistently remained aggressive in signing up students within campuses for credit cards (Chu). This is despite the common view credit companies should not target college students on their campuses while marketing credit cards. Arguments against Marketing of Credit Cards to Students within Campuses Marketing of credit cards to students within campuses is against provisions of Federal Law on credit cards for college students. According to Chu, Federal Law on credit card categorically outlines that no bank or financial lending institution should give credit card to students and young adults of below 21 years who have no steady income or cosigner. This federal law prohibition provides a framework within which credit cards should be given that is, to persons above 21 years with a steady income. Unfortunately, most undergraduates after finishing school end up with enormous credit, which may eventually lead to bankruptcy and at the verge of financial crisis. Based on statistics obtained by the US Public Interest Research Group, graduating college students leave school with approximately $ 4,000 in debts (Uspirg.org). The US Public Interest Research Group goes ahead to establish that 56% of undergraduates obtain their first credit cards at the age of 18 years, which is a period when someone cannot make informed decisions (Uspirg.org). What’s more, by the time such a student is graduating, he or she will be in possession of four or more credit cards. Credit companies have been forced to enter into unethical business practices in order to entice and persuade college students to sign up for credit cards. College students are vulnerable to cheap offers such as T-shirts, pizzas, and other free gifts. Financial institution clearly understands the vulnerability of college students, which they unethically capitalize on to convince them to sign up for credit cards (Chu). Convincing and enticing of college students do not only include gifts but also dwell in short-lived offers such as lower interest rates and other deceptive marketing practices. For instance, in 2007 the state attorney charged Citi Bank and its marketing counterpart, Elite Marketing with application of deceptive marketing practices to entice students in order to sign up for credit cards. Taking ad vantage of consumer’s situation and vulnerability is an unethical practice that may only end up ruining and organization. The credit companies responsible for marketing of credit cards to students should be prohibited from taking advantage of college students’ vulnerability to cheap offers. College students other than being vulnerable to cheap offers are new, inexperienced, and uninformed adequately regarding credit cards and in the market place. In this regard, marketing credit cards with only advantages will make students accept such offers without understanding how it works and demerits (Dickler). As a result, many of them end up incurring hefty sums of debts, which trails back to their parents. Placing more burdens to parents in addition to their normal responsibilities of paying tuition fee and caring for students is unfair and uncalled for especially in the contemporary business world where living standards have incrementally increased. Statistics by US Public In terest Research Group clearly indicates that 61% of students fully depend on their parents for fee and all other educational costs, with 40% and 38%

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Essay Cardiac arrest is considered as the prime cause of sudden deaths in the modern world, claiming tens of thousands of lives globally each year (http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest).   It has been determined that survival rates after cardiac arrest are very low, due to consequent ventricular fibrillation that immediately results in zero cardiac output and death within a few minutes (http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation).   During cardiac arrest, oxygen flow in the brain in significantly affected and brain damage may possibly occur if no emergency treatment is given as soon as possible. Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest generally involves manual artificial breathing to facilitate oxygen circulation to the brain, as well as chemical and electrical induction of the heart to reinstate its normal beating.   Such emergency procedures mainly aim to provide a way to reoxygenate the brain and to save it from further irreversible damage.   Consequently, reoxygenation also generates free radicals that are responsible in creating a post-resuscitation syndrome, which is characterized by necrosis of different tissues of the patient. The observation that tissues survive at particular hypothermic settings has been evaluated as a promising emergency treatment for cardiac arrest (http://www.rnweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=158218).   Hypothermia involves subjecting the body of an individual in a temperature that is below the normal physiologic temperature.   The effect of hypothermia in protecting the brain from severe and irreversible damage during the non-oxygenated state of cardiac arrest is currently being evaluated, after successful results in dog models.   Several investigations have been conducted on the direct and immediate positive effect of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients.    A prospective clinical trial involving the use mild resuscitative cerebral hypothermia in 27 cardiac arrest patients for at least 24 hours showed that hypothermia treatment is reliable and safe (Zeiner et al., 2000).   The procedure involved cooling of the entire body, including the head, resulting in a lowering of body temperature within 62 minutes after commencement of hypothermia treatment. It is interesting to note that no further complications associated with the cardiac arrest were observed after the application of hypothermia treatment.   In a separate investigation, 55% of cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia was observed to show positive responses to the treatment, as well as a decrease in the mortality rate 6 months after hypothermia treatment, suggesting that hypothermia treatment favors the prevents deleterious brain damage and death among cardiac arrest patients (HACASG, 2002). However, there are also certain issues with regards to the application of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients that remains unclear and doubtful.   One of these includes the inclusion and exclusion criteria that will determine whether a particular patient will benefit from such treatment (Skowronski, 2005).   This comment is mainly based on the need for personalized treatment of patients because of the recent observation of inter-individual variations in the response to specific treatments. Such observation explains subtle yet significant differences that should be addressed during medication, diagnosis and testing of patients for any type of illness.   With regards to cardiac arrest emergency treatments, it is of prime importance that a patient’s unique physiological, genetic, metabolic and cardiac profile be determined first before subjecting him to hypothermic conditions.   However, this profiling may also pose to be a hindrance during emergency treatment because the survival of the cardiac arrest patient mainly depends on the speed of administration of the treatment to the patient. Specific risks have already been identified to be associated with hypothermia treatment of cardiac arrest patients (http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.php#treatment3).   The exposure of the patient to cold temperatures at a prolonged duration may cause bleeding or hemorrhage in specific organs of the patients because the cold temperature slows down the blot clotting capability of the platelets.   In addition, a cardiac patient treated with hypothermia may suffer from infection because the immune system is also inhibited by prolonged cold temperatures. An alternative treatment that is parallel to hypothermia has been proposed to be as effective as hypothermia, and possibly much safer than the more radical hypothermic exposure of the cardiac patient to low temperature levels. The alternative treatment involves intravenous introduction of ice-cold fluid to the patient using automated cooling equipment (Bernard, 2005).   Such settings provide the healthcare personnel complete control over the temperature of the intravenous fluid, which plays a vital role in the emergency treatment of the cardiac arrest patients. Until sufficient clinical investigatory information has been collected from comprehensive and comparative studies on the risks and benefits of hypothermia treatment on cardiac arrest patients, it is imperative that healthcare personnel be cautious in administering such rapid and radical treatment to cardiac arrest patients. There have been active requests from the medical research field that such investigations will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiological routes that are involved in the exposure of the body, most specifically the brain and the rest of the central nervous system, to cold temperature during those critical non-oxygenated states (Bernard, 2004). References Bernard (2004):   Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: Hypothermia is now standard care for some types of cardiac arrest.   Med. J. Austral.  Ã‚   181(9):468-469. Bernard SA (2005):   Hypothermia improves outcome from cardiac arrest.   Crit. Care Resusc.   7:325-327. Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group (HACASG) (2002):   Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.   N. Engl. J. Med.   346(8):549-556. Skowronski GA (2005):   Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest- Not so fast.   Crit. Care Resusc.   7:322-324. Zeiner A, Holzer M, Sterz F, Behringer W, Scho ¨rkhuber W, Mu ¨llner M, Frass M, Siostrzonek P, Ratheiser K, Kaff A and Laggner AN (2000):   Mild resuscitative hypothermia to improve neurological outcome after cardiac arrest: A clinical feasibility trial.   Stroke   31:86-94. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation      Ã‚  Ã‚  Nation Master- EncyclopediaVentricular fibrillation http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest   Ã‚  Ã‚   Mortality Statistics Cardiac arrest by country http://mweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id158219 http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.php#treatment3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therapeutic Hypothermia

Different types of peripheral devices for computers

Different types of peripheral devices for computers Define and describe different types of peripheral devices from all the components with examples. The examples should not include only one type of components only. 1.1 Desktop personal computers 1.1.1 Printer In the computer, printers is a computer peripheral device that produces a hard copy (permanent human-readable text and/or graphics on paper) from data stored in a computer connected to it printers is used to print anything that user want, like pictures, documents or data. A lot of printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable, in largely new printers, a USB cable to computer which serves as a file source. A quantity of printers, normally known as network printers, can serve as a hardcopy device for any user on the network and have built-in network interfaces (characteristically Ethernet and/or wireless). Person printers are often designed to support both network and local connected users at same time. Besides, the minority modern printers can directly interface to electronic media such as flash drive or flash memory cards, or to image capture devices such as digital cameras, scanners; a quantity of printers are combined with a scanners and/or fax machines in a single unit, and can function as photocopiers. Printers that include non-printing features are sometimes called All-In-One (AIO) printers, Multi-Function Devices (MFD), or Multifunction printers (MFP). Most MFPs include printing, scanning, and copying in the middle of their features. 1.1.1.1 The 4 printer qualities of mainly interest to most users are: 1. Resolution Resolutions are generally measured in DPI (dots per inch). Most economical printers provide enough resolution for most purposes at 300 600 dpi. 2. Color Most color printer use 2 ink cartridges (1 black ink and 1 color ink) that after a certain number of pages, then need to replace. The color printer is more expensive to operate. 3. Memory Printer memory (RAM) is built in to the printer and come with a small amount of memory (e.g. 1024kilobyte) that the user can be expanded. 4. Speed Economical printers print speed only about maximum 6 sheets per second. Color printer printing is slower; more expensive printer is much faster. Table 1.1: printer qualities 1.1.1.2Advantages and disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages  · Users can see everything on hard copy whatever users see incomputer monitor.  · The running costs are low and the purchase cost is low.  · Printing is slower; therefore inkjets are not designed for high volume printing.  · If the printer runs out of ink users will have to pay to refill or buy it. Table 1.2: printer advantage and disadvantage 1.1.2 Monitor In computers, monitor is a device similar to a television screen (below 24 inch) that receives video signals from the computer and displays the information for users. The types of monitor have: Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The CRT monitor is the oldest form of display for computer systems.The feature of CRT monitor that pixels are illuminated by an electron beam that passes back and forth across the screen very quickly. The LCD monitor that uses LCDtechnologies quite than the oldCRT technologies used by nearly all desktop computer monitors. The feature of LCD that liquid crystal is sandwiched between two transparent layers to form image. When electric current passes through the liquid crystal solution, the crystals move around, either letting the light shine through or blocking the fluorescent light. 1.1.2.1 The 3 monitor qualities Screen size The diagonal measurement of the screen surface in inches (18.5, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24) Resolution The sharpness of the image or graphic determined by the number of horizontal and pixels (vertical dots) that the screen can display (800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1600 x 1200). Refresh rate The speed at which the screen is redrawn (refreshed) and measured in Hertz (60, 75Hz) Table 1.3: printer qualities 1.2 Mobile computes 1.2.1 Memory card In computers, the memory card that sometime called flash memory card and storage card. The memory card is a small storage capacity medium to uses to store data such as text, image, music and video, for uses on small, portable or remote computing devices and the memory card can be erased and rewritten with new data. Besides, although other technologies are being developed, most of the current product uses flash memory. There are type of memory card on the market, including the Secure DigitalCard (SD Card), Multi Media Card (MMC), Smart Media Card, Compact FlashCard (CF Card) and Memory stick. Any types of memory card have a differing size and the memory card storage capacity has from 128 MB up to 32GB. 1.2.2 Flash drive In computers, the flash drive (sometime called jump or pen drive) is a small and portable UniversalSerialBus (USB) drive that can be used to rapidly transfer audio, video, image and data files from thehard driveof onecomputerto another. The flash drive storage capacity has from 128 MB up to 64 GB.The flash drive is very easy to use, most recent flash drive is plug_and_play, is not need using anything CD or download any software to install the driver. 1.3 Mobile phone 1.3.1 Headset In computers, the headset is a pair of headphones with a microphone attached. While headphones can only be used as a listening device, the headset can be used as a listening and a recording device through recording through its microphone. As far as listening is concerned, headsets can have all the same functionalities and features as mobile phone, since they are mobile phone, only with the adding of microphone. As far as recording is concerned, headsets usually have a microphone boom attached to one of the speaker ear cups. This boom is designed to be extended to the front of a user is mouth for the user to speak into it, generally at about an inchs distance. This is usually how recording is done with standard headsets. Nevertheless, most new technology is arising in which headsets no longer need microphone booms to record sound. These headsets are called boom less headsets. Nonetheless, the vast majority of headsets use microphone booms. Question 2 Storage is where you save or keep data, instructions, and information for future use. Home users use storage to save data documents, music, etc. Office or business users use storage to keep, their transaction and other office related records. Discuss the various types of storing devices which are available. 2.1 Home users 2.1.1 Flash drive This small device has enough storage capacity to easily manage and transfer large digital files. The flash drive several kinds of storage capacity have 256 MB up to 64GB. Therefore home users need the storage capacity of how much is enough? A 4 GB flash drive is usually enough for sharing some audio files, video and picture. These drive with the storage capacity of 1 or 2 GB will help you store a fair number of audio and video files whereas a 4 GB will let you store too many files. Most of these drives are compatible with all the versions of Windows, the 8.6 and above version of Mac OS and 2.4 and above of Max Kernel without the need of a driver but a few of these need drivers. 2.1.2 Memory card There are type of memory card on the market, including the Secure DigitalCard (SD Card), Multi Media Card (MMC), Smart Media Card, Compact FlashCard (CF Card) and Memory stick. Any types of memory card have a differing size and the memory card storage capacity has from 128 MB up to 32GB. Therefore, home users need the storage capacity of how is enough? A 4 GB memory card is usually enough for storing and sharing some video files, music and picture. As most memory card is use by phone and camera, phone and camera files is not very large, so 4GB storage capacity is enough for home user. When you purchase it, consider the space you will require for sharing files. Use Internet to search different pen drives and compare the prices at various online stores. You should check out the reviews of different drives on various websites which will give you a fair idea of whats good and whats not. 2.1.3 CD-R The CD-R full name is Compact Disc-Recordable. The CD-R is optical storage that store data as tiny pits burned into a disk by laser. The CD-R disks that can be read and written to, but the CD-R disks can only be written for â€Å"once† and drives that are capable of reading and writing data are needed. In side CD-R disks storage capacity is very small, normally each disks only have 700MB storage capacity. Most of use by storing music, picture or movie. 2.1.4 CD-RW The CD-RW full name is Compact Disc-ReWritable. The CD-RW same like CD-R also is optical storage. The different between CD-RW and CD-R is CD-RW is erasable, CD-RW can be written too many times and drives that are capable of reading, writing and erasing data are needed. The CD-RW storage capacity is same with CD-R, most of 700 MB capacity only. 2.1.5 DVD+R/DVD-R DVD+R or DVD-R full name is Digital Video Disk Recordable. They are same, but incompatible with. The disk that is a format for optical data storage. They use technology similar to CD-R. They are capable of storing up to 17 GB of data. Normally 4.7GB storage capacity is enough for home users to storing and sharing some movie video files. Besides, their data transfer rate is comparable to that of hard disk drives and they are compatible with CD-ROM disks. 2.2 Office or business users 2.2.1 External hard disk drive Hard disk drives that storage capacity is up to 1.5 terabytes (TB), is a very big storage capacity storage devices. The Office or business users need to use large storage capacity to keep, their transaction and other office related records. So that External hard disk can provide enough storage capacity for office or business users. Besides, the hard disk drive access time is the fastest among all permanent storage devices. Furthermore the hard disk drive data transfer rate (MB per second) is much faster than other storage devices and spindle speed is measured in revolutions per minute (rpm). 2.2.2 Flash drive This small device has enough storage capacity to easily manage and transfer large digital files. The flash drives that storage capacity is up to 64GB. Therefore, a 64 GB flash drives is usually enough for office or business users use storage to keep, their transaction and other office related records. Besides, Most of flash drives are compatible with all the versions of Windows. Some of flash drives come with the option of password protection so users can have an additional advantage of protecting some of the files that users think need security. Flash drives are more likely to get viruses when these are exposed to the computers that might not be protected. Flash drives are dozens of anti virus software that detect viruses. Users must scan their flash drive every time users are using it. 2.2.3 DVD-R/DVD+R DVD+R or DVD-R full name is Digital Video Disk Recordable. They are same, but incompatible with and the older DVD-R standard. The disk that is a format for optical data storage. The DVD-/+R formal similar CD-R and they are compatible with CD-ROM disks. Besides, their data transfer rate is comparable to that of hard disk drives and they are capable of storing up to 17 GB of data. Therefore, they can support to office or business users use storage to keep, their transaction and other office related records. 2.2.4 DVD+RW The DVD+RW disks short for DVD+ReWritable. The DVD+RW formal similar CD+RW and same are an optical storage. Most of feature same with DVD-/+R, the different is DVD+RW disks allow users to read, write and erase DVDs many time. 2.2.5 Zip disk drive The Zip drive is a magnetic disk. Magnetic disk is a machine thatreadsdatafrom andwritesdata onto adisk. A disk drive rotates the disk very fast and has one or more heads that read and write data. The Zip drive is an earlier 3.5 removable disk drive from Iomega. Zip disks came in 100MB, 250MB and 750MB varieties, with the latter introduced in 2002 using USB and FireWire interfaces. The 250MB drives introduced in 1998, also can read and wrote 100MB disks. The 750MB drives read all, but cannot wrote 100MB disks. The 7050MB drives is only can wrote 250MB and 750MB disks Although the Zip drive storage capacity is very small, the Zip drive is cheaper than other type of storage devices. Nowadays, most of Bank Company still uses the Zip drive to storing, sharing and transfer pure text or document files. Conclusion As conclusion, Computer is important in the modern world reason been is that it helps to simplifies life. If it was not for computer there would still be a lot of hidden information, people would not get to communicate so easy, fast and efficiently, however it is not like that because of computer we now get privilege of all these things. When I finished my assignment, I would like sad I learned a lot from this assignment about types of peripheral devices from the entire component and the various types of storing devices which are available. Besides, I really thank you to Olympia College Johor Bahru, because they give me a chance to study at their college. I also want to thanks my Introduction to Information Technology lecturer: Ms Zali, because she is teaching and guiding me to do the assignment, when I confuse to how to do this assignment. Thanks a lot for her. I am learning more of thing about computer and Information Technology. I will hard working and get a good results.

Leadership in Nursing Skills

Leadership in Nursing Skills Leadership is process of persuading others to work toward achieving the common desired outcomes (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). In healthcare settings, leadership and quality of care are interlinked. Nursing leadership plays vital role in organisational success as it is client oriented. It facilitates and ensures the delivery of best possible care to the clients (Zori Morrison, 2009) There are certain leadership characteristics that determine the effectiveness of a nurse leader. This essay critically discusses these attributes and also discusses the significance of these characteristics in context of nursing leadership. Furthermore, it briefly explains the effect of change and use of power in nursing to accommodate the change. A leader is anyone who influences his followers to do what he want them to do for attaining the organisational goals (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Leaders possess many leadership traits that make them different from their followers and enable them to lead the group effectively (Marquis and Huston, 2009). Key personal qualities of an effective nurse leader are self awareness, integrity, courage and perseverance. Development of an ability to think critically, to share common vision, to manage conflict, delegation and communicating skilfully are essential leadership behaviours that make a nurse leader effective (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). Identifying the one` leadership skills is very crucial as it enables the person to achieve the organisational goals. The leaders must set an example to influence their followers. They must have high emotional intelligence to understand themselves and others (Linda, 2005). A leader must be self aware. He should know his own strengths and weaknesses. If he recognises his strengths or weaknesses and likes or dislikes, it is much easier for him to identify othersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. Then, they can work together neutralising their weaknesses (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). The focus of leadership should not be they, but, it must be the client. They should emphasize on improving the quality of care provided to their clients (Hiscock Shuldham, 2008). Leading an organisation or department is very challenging. The leaders confront many problematic issues everyday, resolving these issues is complex. Successful leaders are critical thinkers too. They must be able to critically analyse the situation using their expertise knowledge and skills. Critical thinking is one of the components of decision making. Using the critical thinking skills, a leader examines the situation, looks for different alternatives and becomes aware of all the risks that may prevent the success of decision being made. Therefore, the leader attempts to avoid such pitfalls and decide the best possible alternative. Critical thinking is not innate, however, it can be learnt during one`s own experiences (Sullivan and Decker, 2009). Ability to share a common vision should be part of an effective leader`s behaviour. Nursing leaders think à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"outside the boxà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ . They are capable to think about better future when the things are currently getting harder to deal with. They are open minded, ready to think laterally and search for different ways to tackle the problems (Morgan, 2010). They should be able to influence others to develop this vision and become involved in different strategies to initiate change (Grossman Valiga, 2009). Delegation is also a key attribute of nursing leadership which is learnt with practice. Delegation is reassigning the task to another person which you are supposed to do. Even though, you have delegated the task to anyone else, you are accountable for the task accomplishment. In healthcare settings, the nurse leader uses her professional judgement while delegating the nursing care to nurses depending upon their abilities and supervises their work too. By doing this, the nurses can gain more confidence and competence in their own performance. As the main focus of leadership is providing quality care to the client, supervision of work by leader nurse ensures that the patient receives standardised care. Hence, it brings them together as a team leading towards attaining the goal of providing safe and quality care to their clients (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). Communication plays a vital role in successful leadership. To be successful, leaders must develop excellent communication skills. Nurse leaders promote two-way communication. Effective leaders can successfully convey their messages to their followers by verbal and non-verbal communication and they are good listeners also. They encourage valuable suggestions from staff members that can help leaders for bringing about effective changes in organisation. Effective communication facilitates the constructive relationship between them (Marquis and Huston, 2009). Nowadays, nursing leadership is considered as very crucial factor in promoting health and catering for the unique health needs of the people by providing safe and quality care. It is very important for nurses to develop these leadership characteristics if they want to become a nurse leader (Davison, 2010). It focuses on evidence based practice. Being nurses, they are committed to provide best quality care to the clients. Nurses should believe and understand that their role impacts the clients and the outcomes. Therefore, they should make best use of their leadership skills to bring improvement in the client care (Hiscock and Shuldham, 2008). Nurse leaders model high emotional intelligence. It is very useful as it enables them to understand their own and clients` behaviour. Better understanding of client will assist them to recognise and fulfil unique health needs of client and achieve organisational goals. Nurse leaders use critical thinking skills everyday because they engage in making complex decisions related to client care. Critical thinking enables nurses to scrutinize particular situation and choose appropriate action using their sound professional knowledge. This can bring changes and achieve positive health outcomes (Hood, 2010). The nurse leaders have ability to see a changed reality. They also inspire others to see the change and persuade them to contribute towards achievement of the outcome. They must value the contributions of followers (Grossman Valiga, 2009). Nurse leaders should exhibit excellent communication skills. As they work as health team member, they need to communicate with all other members of health organisation with a common aim of achieving positive patient outcomes. They share their views and convey the messages clearly to the clients and subordinates. Besides this, nurse leaders are active listeners. They encourage active participation of clients in their own care. Nurse leaders maintain written records, which serves as evidence of care being given. These records can be used to track the delivery of health care. On the other hand, if nurses are unable to communicate effectively, it may lead to chaos as the clients will not receive appropriate care (Grossman Valiga, 2009). Delegation is an essential leadership trait. Nurse leaders delegate their work to their subordinates; however, they are accountable for their task. It acts as a tool as it facilitates development of skills of others. It also enables leader to carry out m ore tasks at the same time. Apart from these, it also develops teamwork (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Power can be defined as an ability to influence others to get work done. In healthcare organisations, the power is essential for the organisational effectiveness and workers` satisfaction. Nurses use power to influence clients and other health professionals. To use power effectively, nurses must be knowledgeable about different sources and types of power. All nurses exercise power in one or other way (Whitehead, Weiss Tappen, 2007). The nurses can use power to improve practice and achieve the goals of an organisation. When there is a change occurring, it is not taken as granted. The people may resist the change. In such situation, nurses can make effective use of their power to influence others and initiate change. Nurses aim to reduce the resistance by sharing the information, disconfirming currently held beliefs, providing psychological safety and dictating change (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). For instance, nurses can use informational power by sharing the information about the proposed change. They can influence clients by providing knowledge and sharing their vision about improvement of delivery of care (Huntington Gilmour, 2010). By using expert power, the nurse leaders can explain the reasons why the change is being brought in? They will ensure others that this change will improve their performance. They will appreciate suggestions from them and their concerns about it. Once, the nurse leaders successfully influenced others, they can implement change. There are many examples of use o f power by nurse leaders that brought changes in nursing practice. For instance, in Australia and New Zealand nurses used their power in form of legislative procedure and it enabled nurse practitioners to prescribe medicine (Huntington Gilmour, 2010). Nurses are obliged to protect the clients. When the clients need assistance to speak for them, the nurses act as their advocates. Using their power, nurses can present their views and suggestions and can demand for improving the quality of care being delivered to the clients. Nurse leaders should have understanding of clientsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ rights, ethical issues to protect clients from any harm. For example, when working in Intensive Care Unit, if a nurse recognizes that one of other staff member does not practice good hand hygiene practice as per the norms of the hospital despite of previous warnings given. At first glance, nurse might find it challenging to report this issue to their superiors. However, keeping the client care as focus she will address this problem. This is an effective use of her legitimate power. When the client is not receiving appropriate care and there is need to change the situation, nurses act as protectors. Nurses preserve the rights of clients, protect the clients and monitor the quality of client care (Hood, 2010). Nurse leaders can use their power effectively by empowering others. They should work together as a team rather than competing with their co-workers. It prevents conflicts and promotes harmony in the healthcare setting. The clients may feel powerlessness due to their diseased conditions. Nurses can empower clients by actively engaging them in their care i.e. by giving them informed choices about their treatment, seeking suggestions to promote their health. This will strengthen their relationship by building trust between nurse and client and will enable patients to become an active partner rather than a passive recipient (Hood, 2010). In conclusion, effective leadership is a key element in organisational success. Effective leaders along with their team members, work together in order to achieve organisational goals. Leaders develop certain leadership attributes that enable leaders to influence others to follow them. Nursing leadership is an indispensable part of health care system. It plays a vital role in promoting health and delivery of quality client care. Nursing leadership is client oriented as it works for the best interests of their clients. Nurse leaders exercise power to influence clients, their families and other healthcare professionals in order to achieve positive health outcomes. Change is inevitable in health care. New changes can be introduced successfully with the effective use of power. The focus of care remains clients. The nurse leaders should communicate the change with their colleagues and clients and persuade them to allow this change. The nurses are obliged to protect the rights of clients a nd ensure optimal delivery of health care services. The changes are made to improve the quality of care and client safety.

Developments in Iraq After United States Involvement Essay -- essays r

Ask anyone about the current issues in Iraq and you will hear a multitude of answers, questions, remarks, backlash, and support for our countries involvement. Sure some things could have been done better, some things could have been avoided completely, but when you talk to someone who has personally witnessed 184 women setting themselves on fire in protest to the way men are treating them you can’t help but admire the change today. With the help of US and various foreign countries, Iraq is rebuilding itself from the ground up, repairing itself from previous dictatorship. There are three major concerns in Iraq, political freedom (including freedom of religion), women’s rights, and better education. These issues are far from being resolved, but they have also moved far from where they were before. According to President Bush, the US is looking to help â€Å"build a government that answers to its people and honors their country’s unique heritage.† In doing so US troops are helping train military forces and elect leaders, who interestingly enough 85 are women, this coming from a country that dismissed women’s rights. Iyad Allawi, Iraq's Interim Prime Minister believes â€Å"that the unity of the country will be enhanced [and] will be strengthened by the process of an election.† The new government will consist of a 275 member Transitional National Assembly, a Presidency council, provincial councils and a Kurdistan National Assembly. Currently Iraq is working under a Interim constitution, b...

The Social Construction of Fibromyalgia Essay -- essays research paper

The Social Construction of Fibromyalgia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"With so many people in so much pain, how could fibromyalgia not be a disease?† (Groopman 3) This question regarding the â€Å"condition of persistent muscle pain throughout the body, pain that is often accompanied by severe fatigue, insomnia, diarrhea and abdominal bloating, bladder irritation, and headache,† now known as fibromyalgia raises some rather interesting yet complicated issues in today’s health care field such as: What criteria must be met in order for a symptom or a set of symptoms, as is the case here, to be classified as an illness or a disorder? What does the term illness itself mean? What makes up the concept of health? In this paper, I attempt to tackle these questions by examining the process of the social construction, the medicalization, and the medical uncertainties surrounding fibromyalgia. I will first discuss the process of social construction, or the development of a condition as a disorder, also discussing who t he key actors in the process are and how everyone involved in the process is affected. Second, I will analyze the process of medicalization, or how a set of symptoms comes to be known as a disorder, complete with treatment and all, of fibromyalgia over the years. Third, I Mohamed 2 will look at the medical uncertainties, or doubts about knowledge and treatment, regarding fibromyalgia. Last, I will discuss the possible explanations that have been given to explain fibromyalgia in patients by physicians who are opposed to medicalizing the disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term fibromyalgia was introduced in 1990, and since then almost six million Americans, ninety per cent of them being women, have been diagnosed as living with the disorder. Physicians are not sure of the exact cause of the illness, but many of the cases are reported immediately after a traumatic event (Groopman 3). Another puzzling issue here is the absence of any muscular inflammation in the complaining patient or the presence of any abnormal laboratory test results or X-rays. So is it possible for six million patients to be â€Å"fooling† physicians? You might have another illness of your own requiring another one of these papers if you’re even considering that absurd idea! Let us begin by defining illness and health. â€Å"Modern medicine is based on and dominated by concepts, methods, an... ...ikely to see a doctor for non-serious health problems† (Brown 43). These physicians also argue that patients become trapped in beliefs that they have an illness, allowing the beliefs to affect them psychologically, worsening their symptoms as a result of stress and depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The social construction of fibromyalgia is a quite complicated issue and requires much research. Social constructions are not always this difficult, but the general two paths seem to always be there: Should physicians medicalize a set of symptoms into a disorder or disease, and attempt to treat the illness, or should they attempt to figure out the underlying causes of the symptoms and try not to medicalize something which doesn’t need medicalization? Both arguments about fibromyalgia are strong, and both are backed up by valid claims, although each does have its positive and negative aspects. The social construction of illnesses in the medical field is an extremely assiduous task and requires years of dedication, time and research before final decisions are made. They must be made carefully, since they will affect millions and millions of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

My Cousins Death :: Disease Health Personal narrative Essays

My Cousin's Death The year was 1996, and I had traveled to England to spend the summer with my cousin at his farm in northern Lincolnshire. I arrived in late May, and was warmly greeted by my host. He suggested we travel in to the town and go for a pint at the local pub. I agreed and we traveled the few miles from his somewhat isolated residence to the nearby village of Barton upon Humber, a quaint historical village with a population of only a few hundred people. However when we arrived at the Red Lion, as the local public house was called, there was an eerie air of sobriety. Everyone was watching the television behind the bar, which was tuned to the evening news. The story was that there had been an outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as "Mad Cow Disease" at a farm in another region of Lincolnshire. This was obviously disastrous news, since virtually all of those present were, like my cousin, livestock farmers and such an outbreak had the potential to destroy whole herds of animals. Even those not yet infected might be destroyed or at least quarantined in order to eliminate the risk of spread of the disease. I was given to understand, from my cousin on the return trip to his farm, that the disease originated from use of cow and sheep meat in animal feed, or offal, but that it had not been identified until 10 years before and the regulations banning protein supplements containing sheep and cattle offal had not been rigidly enforced until 1992. Little more was known about the disease, except that it did have a variant which could potentially kill humans who ate infected meat. However such cases were extremely rare relative to the huge numbers of infected animals.1 Over the following weeks the scale of the epidemic increased. Government officials from the Department of Health came round to everyone's farms to perform tests and in some cases the animals were ordered to be slaughtered and their remains burned. The whole thing seemed to me wholly medieval, in the sense both of the lack of any cure and the destructive solutions. My cousin these days was acting somewhat strangely. He would forget to lock up the animals and perform other tasks around the farm.

Beowulf: Sigemund Episode

Analysis of the Sigemund Episode Within Beowulf One of the best literary devices the author of Beowulf uses is the use of episodes and digressions. Each of these episodes and digressions tell another story apart from the main plot of Beowulf, but sets up an introduction to the main plot. One such episode, the Sigemund episode, tells of valiant King Sigemund who received glory and honor through his killing of the dragon and possession of the hoard. Sigemund became a noble and experienced king, only to be betrayed and brought to his downfall.Beowulf was much the same as Sigemund, and both were great examples of heroes. The Sigemund episode introduces a comparison to Beowulf, foreshadows Beowulf’s downfall, and parallels the irony of Beowulf’s shortcomings. As we see in the following lines: â€Å"Sigemund’s name was known everywhere. / He was utterly valiant and venturesome, / a fence round his fighters and flourished therefore† (897-898), the author introduc es Sigemund as an excellent comparison to Beowulf. The author uses the Sigemund episode to set up a better understanding of the character of Beowulf by describing a king much like himself.This allows the reader to understand the character of Beowulf and know what a noble and valiant character he was. The author presents Sigemund as a brave warrior who defeated the dragon, much like the victorious warrior that Beowulf was. And within the Sigemund episode, Heremod is introduced as a wicked king, an exact opposite of Sigemund and Beowulf. This allows the reader to compare the three kings, and promote Beowulf as a noble king such as Sigemund. Another purpose of the Sigemund episode within Beowulf is to foreshadow Beowulf’s defeat and downfall.Sigemund is a noble and mighty king, but is led to his defeat in the following lines: â€Å"†¦ The king was betrayed, ambushed in Jutland, overpowered / and done away with† (901-903). This defeat of Sigemund foreshadows Beowulfâ €™s defeat and death during the battle with the dragon. As Sigemund and Beowulf are both valiant kings, they both are led to their failure and death. This part of the Sigemund episode gives the reader a glimpse of what is to come for Beowulf in the rest of the poem. From this episode, the author uses irony that Beowulf will become a great and mighty king, but also will come face to face with his destruction.The author uses this irony to connect the characters of Sigemund and Beowulf. Not only does the Sigemund episode foreshadow the downfall of Beowulf, but it also sets up a choice that Beowulf has to make. Beowulf has to either chose to be like Sigemund, a courageous and noble king, or take the path of Heremod, an evil king. This gives the reader a sense of uncertainty of the choice Beowulf will make. As the reader, the choice that Beowulf will make is obvious, but this is a huge choice of character for Beowulf.It gives a chance for Beowulf to prove his character, and allows th e reader to understand the trustworthiness of Beowulf once he does chose to be a noble king. Among the various episodes and digressions within Beowulf, Sigemund’s episode sets up the best foreshadowing of Beowulf’s life. In all, Sigemund’s episode clues the reader in with what type of character Beowulf is. Sigemund is the perfect comparison to Beowulf, and this allows the reader to expect what is to come for Beowulf. Sigemund’s hymn apart from the main plot of Beowulf accomplished the task of introducing and setting up the destiny for Beowulf.

Molson Canadian Beer to China Essay

This story leave alone try a mathematical fruits cap commensurateness to insert a unknown commercialize interject. The increase, Molson Canadian, is a hale known and reput equal Canadian beer with a rich history. For our purposes, we curb attempt to formulate a pattern for Molson Canadian to enter the Chinese beer food martplace. Utilizing empirical info, statistics and explore on the Chinese beer food commercialize, we cave in garner significant randomness regarding entre into this commercialise. by and by analyzing primary(prenominal)land chinaw arw atomic number 18 as a kingdom, their beer mart and relevant strain concern selective information, we initiateed an rigid way for Molson Canadian to be pop eat up intod into the Chinese food marketplace.In app eradicateage, we be acquit in in senior highschool spiritser(prenominal) spiritslighted some emf opportunities and aff veraciouss associated with this plan, at that placeby ra tionalizing the move up expressive style we boast elect. After all the information was opened, we cogitate that the most effective way to preface Molson Canadian to the Chinese market was to exportationing the harvest-festival, utilizing distri providedor and import contacts to micturate the beer change at on-trade sites overmuch(prenominal) as upscale bars and eateries. The following information provided explains our bearing and reinforces our decision to enter the market in this fashion. Introduction.The beer defacement Molson is one of Canadas oldest consumer fault names and one of magnetic north the Statess oldest defects. John Molson essayed Canadas oldest brewery in 1786 near the St. Lawrence River in Montreal, Quebec. The Molson starticipation has a range of beer selection including Molson Canadian, a l erar beer containing 5% of inebriant per hatful, Molson Canadian Light contains ab start 2% of alc/vol, Molson Canadian 6. 0 Cold Shots (6% of alc/vol) , Molson Canadian gun Zero (it can served at temperatures under freezing by means of innovative technology) and its electric current Molson Canadian 67 (contains completely if 67 calories).A persistent with the Molson scar of swallows, Molson to a fault owns the rights to oppositewise brands much(prenominal) as the various Rickards brands as sanitary as distri hardlyion rights of prevalent imports much(prenominal) as Heineken from Holland. Molson Canadian is the partnerships signature beer, using freshwater from Canadian lakes and the beat smell barleycorn in the recipe. Molsons brewing methods do non give preservatives in holy decree to of importtain short(p), clean and fresh orientation. Instead, they affair traditionalisticistic trump methods along with masterly brew masters to ensure best part from suppliers to retailers.As a result, Molson has veritable numerous awards in the some clock time(prenominal), including the gold for north American Style Lager in 2008. In 2005 Molson Brewery merged in qualified parts with American brewing high federation Coors, forming the Molson Coors brew Comp whatever. The purpose of this report is to introduce a merchandising plan for Molson to enter the Chinese consumer market. The main aim is to learn and determine possible ways to successfully distribute Molsons signature beer (Molson Canadian) to the Chinese consumer market.The adjacent sections provide province and business epitome as tumesce as the merchandising mix in order to construct an effective and efficient merchandising plan. Also, an action plan go forth be nimble to mean carrying out of strategies and their associated budgets. region Analysis mainland mainland mainland chinaw argon is located in eastern Asia and is the fourth largest unpolished in the land. It borders a number of countries including Vietnam, North Korea, India and Pakistan. mainland chinaw atomic number 18 similarly has the largest uni verse in the humanity with much than 1.3 billion (1,338,612,968) plurality. china also has several languages and dialects spoken passim the country, but the major ones atomic number 18 mandarin orange and Cantonese. (CIA Fact book 2010) china is a communist state, however in the buy the farm 30 eld the landed estate has measuring rodwise changed from a centrally planned parsimony to a to a greater extent than market oriented economy. This transition has benefited chinaw ar beca implement it chip ined its boarders to outside(a) trade, increasing the countries import/export imagines dramatically over the years.In addition, the much open economic system allowed for an influx of contrary direct investment into the country. mainland chinawares rampant captureth in the past 30 years is evident in the countrys economic statistics. 2009 country GDP numbers place China as 3rd overall global in marrow GDP with $8. 791 zillion (US$), only second to the European confed eration and the United States. (CIA Fact book 2010) This figure can be put into horizon however when analyzing GDP per capita where China places 128th creative activity(a) with only $6,500 (US$), a figure which has been change throughout the years.Although china is one of the speedy developing countries in the world, its government tranquilize faces several challenges including reducing corruption, sustaining adequate travel yield rates and environmental concerns such as pollution. In addition, China has long been perceived by other nations as a country non up code regarding certain policies such as human rights and intellectual property rights. However, their comprehension into the World Trade Organization in 2001 has vastly improved their global stand up and umteen critical point and ho persona servantated initiatives throw been under reducen to improve the perception of China globally.rationale for Choosing China thither were several let on concludes for choosin g China as our aspire market. Chinas vast universe of discourse was an put to work because it provided a large possible consumer base. some other movement is the large demand for beer which continues to grow as middle and upper mob income levels continue to shew in the country (Datamonitor 2004). In addition, several internationalistic beer brands cast non managed to effectively penetrate the Chinese market. Therefore, if an international beer attach to in china survives an initial tough hardly a(prenominal) years, it has the potential to diagnose significant wage release forward.The beer industry in China give be analyzed in much than detail in the following sections. new(prenominal) primeval(prenominal) creators for the selection of China was that its rose-cheeked trade relations with Canada throughout the years. China is Canadas 2nd largest trading partner, only second to the United States of America with zygomorphic trade between China and Canada ambit over $50 billion(CAN) in 2009 (Statscan, 2010). Finally, impression that China is the fas rise growing nation in the world and is predicted to be the worlds largest economy by 2025 had a significant blow on our selection.(Foreign personal matters and international trade Canada, 2005) (See App residualix A) purlieu of the Beer Industry in China China is one of the worlds largest inebriant producers in the world and in the next few years it is judge to go surpass the United States as the largest inebriant producer in the world (Newman, Ian 2006). China has a very(prenominal) large beer market worth around $6. 154 billion (USD$) and produced more than 26,244 million litres in 2004 (Datamonitor 2004). Both of these figures are significant cast ups from the previous year 2003.For the bulk of brewers around the world, the Chinese beer market is a uniform large to ignore and at times, as salubrious hard to grasp because of its complicity. China is viewed as the next big prospe ct in the beer industry because its large population and its high economic growth is unmatchable elsewhere. However, legion(predicate) international brewers have failed to penetrate the Chinese beer market. This could be ascribable to unfamiliar market dynamics and the presence of too many a(prenominal) domestic beer brands in the Chinese market. Although many international brands have failed, some similar SAB Miller have succeeded.It is sweard that concentrate on timber brands and long term adit plans were contributors to the success companies like SAB Miller have had in the Chinese market. Some of the leading(a) brewers in China include Tsingato brewery, SAB Miller, Fosters chemical group Limited and Noble China Inc. (Datamonitor 2004) Threats and Opportunities Having tactile sensationed at the general environment of the beer industry in China, our focus give now reposition to the panics and opportunities in the market. starting time, one of the main threats is the other large beer companies and breweries that we are going to be competing with, both domestic and international.Chinese domestic beer themes for a large percentage of usage in the country, and as an international crossing, we leave behind be facing stiff disceptation from other international companies already present in the market. A little concerning threat is that the older demographics in China pick out to pledge more wine than they do beer. This however is contrasted by the increasing touristyity of beer in the nation. The biggest opportunity is the fact that the China has largest population in the world and also that it is the worlds fastest growing country. some other opportunity is that on that point is steady growth rate predicted in the next few years for the beer industry (Datamonitor 2004). a nonher(prenominal) primordial opportunity is that Chinese consumers cherish taste and reputation in their beverage products, we believe that Molson Canadian can allow for to this pauperisation with our product implementation. (Industry Digest, 2005) On the expert side, the Chinese market has several domestic brewing companies in the nation. This could be very useful because the technology to produce beer in China is readily available. On the cast out side, China incorporates strict restrictions on discipline through various media.For example, internet security review is roughhewn in the nation, leaving marketers with peculiar(a) when choosing which type of media to use for marketing purposes (Human Rights Watch, 2006). Socially, alcoholic drink plays an important role in Chinese tradition and Chinese society as a whole. alcohol is utilise in a lot of Chinese traditional festivals and celebrations, as well as it is also a very important part of Chinese religions. alcoholic beverage can also be free-base in traditional Chinese medication and also used for cooking (Newman, Ian 2006). Market Buyer characters galore(postnominal) of the be er vendee characteristics in the Chinese market are similar to those of Canada.First, sexuality plays a large role in that the legal age of beer consumers are males. However, the female instalment of the market has steadily continued to increase as china develops further, mainly due to change magnitude outgo power of Chinese women. However, this gender bias cannot be overlooked as the female segment of the buyers is very important because in some major cities like Beijing, women make up to around 30% of beer drinkers in the city. Most of the buyers of beer in china are between the age groups of 25 to 44, similar to the demographics found in Canada (Industry Digest, 2005).Another important aspect about buyer behaviour in China is that it varies fit to the region or province. The said(prenominal) applies for the beer market in China, for example people from the Confederate regions of China drink more beer at bars an pubs and banquets whereas people in the northern regions ar e more promising to drink beer patch dining because they believe that it ads tactile property to their dining. Also in the south of China the climate is very hot so casual drinking as a means to cool down is common similar to Canada in the summer months. (Industry Digest, 2005) Furthermore, origins wherefore people buy beer in China are important aspect for marketers.For consumers in China, value and in force(p) taste are important characteristics that consumers tend to look for. These qualities of beer products inclose the importance of other component parts such as expenditure and brand reputation. Brand trueness to domestic brands is more common in certain locations such as Beijing, but brand loyalty overall in general is not a crucial chemical element for many consumers in the Chinese beer industry. People between the ages of 16 to 44 who live in Guangzhou and shanghai, switch brands on a regular basis (Industry Digest, 2005). option of and Rationale for Chosen Mode of insertion into the Target Country The main course mode that we have chosen for entering into China depart be exporting through an import contact that forget wherefore use local distributors to swap our product. The reason that we have selected this option is that although thither is a huge potential for companies to succeed in the Chinese beer market, there are dormant many risks of doing business in China. By choosing exporting as our premier step, it allows us to reduce financial and investment risks. many a(prenominal) studies have shown that having a good race with the Chinese government and business owners is a importantly important factor for conflicting companies to success in China (Owen, 2010). Therefore, earlier moving into further actions such as partnerships and spliff ventures, we pauperism to have Molson cause a good working kindred with the Chinese government. At the said(prenominal) time, this founding mode pull up stakes also weaken Molson ampl e time to develop the blood with potential Chinese partners, as well as get advance intellect about the government regulations for alien go forthpower of land & building resources.Last but not least, comparing this mode of entry to partnerships and joint ventures, exporting requires less busy investment. For example, Molson does not need to build factories or set up mass manufacturing operations right away which allow still a significant amount of funds right from the get go. In addition, if anything goes reproach initially, this entry mode allows us to choose the business from China much easier than if we had already established manufacturing operations in the country. Objectives. receivable to the risks that beer companies are facing in expanding into the Chinese market, Molson Canadian wants to move slowly into the Chinese market. In other words, the conjunction wants to test the environment graduation and thus take the necessary steps to further the amplification process. First of all, Molson Canadian will establish the mode of entry which is the exporting strategy, and then the go with will choose a well known Chinese beer company such as Tsingtao as our distributor, because this will reduce the uncertainties.While working with Tsingtao, Molson Canadian wants to ensure distribution ne twainrks are stretching desired locations for sale of product and look for other possible distributors and partners as well in order to get it prepared for our future development purposes such as joint ventures or partnerships. The next objective that we suggest is gathering forecasting information for potential future margin and feedback from consumers. This step will help us to make sure if the Chinese market is sincerely worth to investing in and develop strong indicators to our customers privilegeences, in order to better serve our customers.During this stage, Molson Canadian will also be able to get more familiarized about the Chinese regulations co nnect to the beer companies, especially for contrary companies. After the conclusion of this stage, the company will be able to develop plans for future operations ground on the information that it has collected from beforehand. If the information does not withstand the elaboration, then Molson Canadian should stop developing, and possibly withdraw the business from China.If everything goes well, the company will pick the right distributors and partners that have been evaluated before to start the joint ventures or partnerships with local Chinese companies. The reason that we opinionated to do joint ventures or partnership eventually is that found on information from the Euromonitor world(prenominal), which states by doing a joint venture it will allow unusual companies to gain local market cognition These joint ventures should provide foreign companies with a necessary foothold in the market which can, in the future, be exploited by their own products (Euromonitor Internat ional, 2004).The last objective is to work towards generating steadily increasing profits in the future, which will be in more details in our action plan. Limitations There are also limitations that could affect Molson Canadians entry into the Chinese market. As we mentioned before, the uncertainty of the Chinese market is a huge concern. First of all, the government regulations and meters are varied from what we have seen in the North American market. found on the article written by Owen, issues included the Chinese top-down approach to cadences and conformance, Openness and transparency, Low confidence in private-sector standards setting and conformity assessment, and Inconsistent implementation creates uncertainty(Owen, 2010) are all the concerns that Molson postulate to recompense attention. The second uncertainty is that the strong competition will be created by both local and foreign beers companies in the crowded industry. As represented by Euromonitor International, t here are several foreign breweries doing business in this market now.many of which have found that the market is more heavy to operate than they expected before entering the Chinese market. Problems included comparatively high production appeals and a fragmented market, combined with oversupply, has caused a market slowdown which led many companies to load their hurts. Many of the companies have already chosen to exit the market and cut their losings (Euromonitor International, 2004). Criteria In terms of the time frame, we estimated that will take one year to be intimate the objectives from 1 to 3, which is also considered to be our primary expansion.As mentioned above this includes the establishment of the entry mode- exporting, develop appropriate distribution networks, and assembling forecasting information and feedback from consumers. The secondary expansion includes the envelopment future operating plans such as joint ventures or partnerships subsequently everything has been created our final goal will be work towards generating steadily increasing profits in the future. We estimated that will take 1 or 2 years to off framing the joint venture or partnership structure. SegmentationFor our segmentation we decided to focus on 5 main demographic criterias. We obtained basic secondary data based on the past get patterns of Chinese and other Asiatic consumers. From that data, we sort and decided upon with segments of the market we would test for. We based the selection of the criteria on hypothesis examen and concluded that only traits that that appeared consistently deep down two standard deviations (95%) of each segments sample would be counted these demographics universe on age, region, ethnicity, financial capacity and life style within the 18 45 age range.For this digest we have ranked them in order of popularity and difference in cost relative to other bounty beers from this analysis we have distilled this ranking system. * Molson Cana dian Subzero is love for its flash and fancy appeal * Molson Canadian Lager is popular for its strong perspicuous flavour * Molson Canadian Light beer is popular for its smoother taste and lack of a strong after taste * eventually Molson Canadian 67 is the least preferred. This is due to the misconception that diet beers are more thin out than regular beers and that consumers are getting less for their coin.From our demographic analysis of Chinese consumers of a certain demographic tend to prefer certain tastes to be present in their alcohol and while these preferences are not as potent in bear on purchase decisions as they would be in north America, never the less they are significant to warrant analysis and attention. Characteristic Characteristic Related Price occidentalized Stronger alcoholic beverage More expensive Traditional smooth alcoholic drink Less Expensive Sichuan Stronger Alcohol Less expensive Han drum sander Alcohol Less expensive.Tibetan Stronger Alcohol Less expensive Southern velvet Alcohol Less expensive Yankee Stronger Alcohol More expensive older Stronger Alcohol average Young Smoother Alcohol Less expensive (Data Extrapolated from Chinas beer consumption and Barley imports) From our analysis we can conclude that as you move up north and become more horse operaized the taste for alcohol becomes steadily stronger and that people value alcohol more. We have found that there are many pagan factors that the affect the purchasing characteristics of each segment. mount Age is a significant factor when incorporating this model, with younger generations preferring relatively cheaper products than the older generation. As Chinas socialistic society progress, legislation has greatly altered the expenditure habits of consumers. Such like the 1 squirt policy has left a importantly scummyer working force to support the country. With most average working couples supporting 3 generations simultaneously (Adams, 2008), this can impact greatly on the decisions regarding the purchase of the luxuriousness items such as premium foreign beer.Region In regards to region, there are smaller difference in the tastes and spending habits of northerners vs. southerners. While the South has a high pay-grade than those of the north, historically the south has always been a more crowded and competitive place (Trent, 2009). Thus those living there aline to have a more traditionalist outlook in regards to consumption and purchases. Contrary, while the average northerner earns significantly less money they are more likely to spend extra for what they want (Trent, 2009).Also cities along the coast tend to adopt more western ideals than those located on the intimate of China. Ethnicity While chinas population is 87% Han (Doan, 2008) there is a small population of minorities that also live in china. Though living in the same country this minority have significantly different tastes from your average Chinese. These Minorities i nclude Tibetans, Wiggers and Manchus. life-style Since China has opened its doors to international products and cultures, there have been many Chinese that have adopted a more western-lifestyle.With Western styles often come more western tastes (Qingbin et at, 1998), in contrast to the smoother taste western-styled Chinese prefer a stronger degustation alcohol. Marketing Mix This section presents strategic alternates that Molson Canadian should take into consideration, recommendation of the commensurate alternative and implementation of marketing plan through the use of the controllable elements of marketing mix. Strategic Alternatives There are two strategic alternatives that Molson Canadian can use to expand its beer brand to Chinese consumer market.Molson Canadian can expand its beer brand to Chinese consumer market by exporting its product line on trade or off trade. Alternative 1 The first alternative for Molson Canadian is to export its product line on trade, meaning that their object glass locations for sale are establishments which serve alcohol. For our product, we want to target specifically high end restaurants, pubs and bars. High end restaurants, pubs and bars would tolerate high timber products therefore the best quality beer would also be expected from customers.One of the main strengths of Molson Canadian is that they utilize high quality ingredients as well as a team of brew masters that make sure the beer follows the high quality standards, qualities that Chinese consumers would be haggard to. Additional strengths of Molson Canadian is that it offers product specialism such as best quality barley and no use of preservatives for its production. Also, the products country image is perceived as good quality product since it is North American which means that the products symbolize Western civilization, position and modernity (Zhou & Hui, 2003).A failing that should be interpreted into account is that Molson Canadian is not well known in the Chinese market, so it may be difficult to find consumers initially. However, opportunities in Chinese alcohol industry should be considered regarding this matter. For instance, an opportunity encountered is that there is an increasing demand for better gustation and premium products, meaning that premium beer sales will be more likely to increase in upcoming years (Euromonitor International, 2010).Also, another significant opportunity is that as consumers disposable incomes increase, consumers will be able to spend on leisure time such as going out to pubs and bars. In fact, there is a strong development of the consumer foodservice market, as well as, an increase of premium beer in forecasted years which accounts for 70% of total value growth from 2008 to 2013 in local currency (Euromonitor International, 2009). In addition to the above points, Chinese consumers are not wrong sensitive regarding on-trade places, indicating that premium and standard beer will become popu lar among the consumers (Euromonitor International, 2009).Lastly, a major threat towards this alternative is that the rise of prices for materials such as oil and power can affect transportation cost. The bailiwick Development and Reform Commission (NRDC) had account a price increase of RMB 1,000 per t for oil which is approximately equivalent to US$ 170 in 2008 (Euromonitor International, 2009). This means that there will be a need for adjustments in terms of price of beer to confuse export costs to China. Alternative 2 The second alternative for Molson Canadian to export in China is to sell its product off trade.For this alternative, Molson Canadian beer should be interchange in small marketplace stores and/or hypermarkets. In order to better analyze this alternative for better profitability of the company, a mini SWOT analysis should be established. A major strength for this company is that the beer could be sell as standard laager beer to Chinese market with product diffe rentiation. For example, the beer could be differentiated towards its high quality ingredients used in the production such as barley and hops and its high quality control standards.A weakness encountered in this option is that Molson Canadian is not a well known beer brand among Chinese market. An opportunity for selling Molson Canadian beer off trade is that this is main line of credit of sales accounting for 68% of gaudiness sales in 2008 (Euromonitor International, 2009). Also, small separate grocery stores in rural areas account for 66% of total volume sales in 2008 (Euromonitor International, 2009). However, threats should also be taken into account for this alternative. A major threat there is high competitive market between domestic and foreign beer brands.In fact, the three top companies China Resources enterprisingness Co Ltd, Tsingtao Brewery Co Ltd and Beijing Yanjing Brewing Corp accounted for 41% of total volume sales in 2007 (Euromonitor International, 2009). There are also two leading international companies participating in Chinese beer market which are InBev and Anheuser-Busch. Another threat encountered is that consumers are price sensitive towards beer in off trade channels as they have a range of beer selection as well as prices that differ from different brands issues (Euromonitor International, 2009). Recommendation.The best alternative for Molson Canadian is to target on-trade businesses, especially high end restaurants, pubs and bars. The main criterion for choosing this alternative was based on willingness to pay for high priced product. Also, Molson Canadian should consider the high competition with domestic and foreign beer brands in off-trade markets. In order to sift Chinese consumers, we have weighed the pros and cons of this alternative and believe that Molson Canadian would have the best come across for success by initially instruction on selling to high end restaurants, pubs, bars and so on.The first reason for this chos en alternative is that customers will pay for high quality at any price. The customers will pay for a product that provides better taste, wellnessier and premium incase products (Euromonitor International, 2010) since their disposable income allows buying better quality products. In fact, according to China spirituous Association, beer volume production has increased 6 % in the first half of 2009 (Euromonitor International, 2010).Also, when beer is sold in high end restaurants, its price will be set much higher price than at grocery stores, so Molson Canadian can soften profit using this method. According to Euromonitor International (2010), standard and premium beer account for only 10% of total sales volume, but sire around 50% of total profits in Chinas beer sector. One of downsides towards marketing on-trade is that it may be difficult to break into the market since Molson Canadian is not recognized publicly in China. Also, Molson Canadian may face red competition in Chines e on-trade markets.For example, Budweiser, Heineken, Tiger, and Carlsberg are the main multinationals that have majority of the premium beer sales on trade. This alternative is preferred to the other option since it provides the means to generate long term profit and on-trade customers will favour buying high quality product as their preferences change. Another reason for choosing this alternative other than off-trade is that grocery stores will offer a variety of beer brands that are cheaper and domestic Chinese brands, therefore consumers will have more general acquaintance of the products available to them.Once the strategic alternative is implemented, there will be opportunities and challenges that should be relevant to Molson Canadian. A potential opportunity for Molson Canadian is to introduce Molson Canadian 67 which is a type of beer that contains only 67 calories. This is a significant advantage for this company since Chinese people are nice more concerned about their he alth and wellness. In terms of challenges that Molson Canadian may face is that there will be competition within foreign beer brands such as Heineken that could affect Molson Canadians profitability.Implementation In order to play the marketing strategy of exporting Molson Canadian beer to Chinese market in high end restaurants, pubs and bars, the company should consider the 4Ps of the marketing mix. First, the product provided is Molson Canadian lager beer by Molson Coors Brewing Company which is a high quality Canadian brand which Molson Coors will be able to sell its beer as premium brand because of it offers clean, crisp and fresh taste as well as the no use of preservatives.The price for Molson Canadian beer lager is planned to be high since most of target market in China is represented by medium to high income consumers. Consumers in high end restaurants, pubs and bars will able to buy a bottle of Molson Canadian lager beer for more than 20RMB or $3US(Eumonitor International, 2009) since high end restaurants will place their price three times its market price. For the promotional aspect of our product, Molson Canadian attempt to use practices similar to those found in the North American markets.The use of commercials and posters display the bracing qualities of a Canadian lager beer will be a major focus of the promotional ads. However, unlike the Canadian and American markets where beer commercials incorporate sexual messages to sell their products, ads in China will mirror those of beverage companies already operating in the country. To do this, the sexual appeal found in North American type commercials will be replaced with the quintessential Chinese imagination found very often in Chinese advertisements.In addition, another promotional campaign will be launched in China based on the current public relations department companionship of Molson Coors regarding drinking and driving force programs. This program will be shared with the government of C hina to increase awareness since drink driving is one of major factor make traffic accidents. In fact, according to the Ministry of creation Security, the number of road traffic accidents reached 107,193 during the first half of 2009, with the number of fatalities and injuries reaching 29,866 and 128,336 respectively (Euromonitor International, 2010).This promotional tool will be helpful to reduce barriers that the government may place for Molson Canadian. Finally, another way to add up up the beer brand is to provide an event marketing strategy since international sporting, economic and ethnic events are strong drivers for beer consumption (All China Marketing research, 2008). For instance, Molson Canadian can potentially sponsor the 16th Asian Games in China which is taking place from November twelfth to 27th, 2010 (Guangzhou Asian Games Organising Committee ,2010).Therefore, this sponsorship will bring brand awareness. Molson Canadian may have a backup plan if the sponsorsh ip does not work out through donating a certain amount of money to the Asian Games event so then there will be also the brand name out there for consumers. A last marketing mix factor is place which could be achieved by utilizing the same distributors of Coors Light to d.